Japan is still a cash culture
This surprises almost every visitor. Many restaurants, small shops, vending machines, and local businesses in Japan only accept cash. Always carry 10,000 to 20,000 yen. 7-Eleven ATMs in Japan reliably accept foreign cards. The post office ATMs also work. Exchange your currency at the airport or a post office for the best rates.
Get a Suica or Pasmo IC card on arrival
The IC card (rechargeable transit card) is the single most useful thing in Japan. It works on virtually every train, subway, and bus in the country. It also works at convenience stores, many vending machines, and some restaurants. Load it with 3,000 to 5,000 yen at any station machine. This single card will manage almost all your transport for the whole trip.
Onsen rules are not optional
Tattoos are banned at most traditional onsens. Wash thoroughly at the shower stations before entering the bath. No swimwear in traditional onsens (you are naked in the water). Keep your towel out of the water. Do not submerge your head. These are not suggestions: other guests will ask you to leave if you break these rules.
Ordering food is easier than you think
Many restaurants have plastic food displays outside showing every dish. Point and pay. Ticket machine restaurants (ramen shops, tonkatsu places) let you choose from a picture menu, pay before you sit, then hand the ticket to the chef. Google Translate's camera function works well on Japanese menus. Saying "kore wo kudasai" while pointing means "I'd like this one please."
Timing: avoid Golden Week at all costs
Golden Week (late April to early May) is Japan's busiest domestic holiday period. Trains are packed, hotels triple in price, and popular spots become almost inaccessible. The best times to visit are mid-March to mid-April (cherry blossoms, worth the crowds) or October to November (autumn leaves, perfect weather, far fewer tourists than spring). February is cold but quiet and very cheap.
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