Know which compensation rules apply to you
Your compensation rights depend on where you are flying from and with which airline. EU Regulation EC 261/2004 is the strongest protection in the world: it covers all flights departing the EU regardless of airline, and all flights into the EU on EU-registered airlines. Compensation ranges from 250 euros (short-haul delays over 3 hours) to 600 euros (long-haul delays over 4 hours). UK261 covers the same ground post-Brexit for UK departures. US rules are weaker but improving.
Do not accept the first offer
Airlines routinely offer vouchers, flight credits, and meal coupons when disruptions occur. You are almost always entitled to cash compensation instead. Politely decline vouchers and ask for the written statement of your rights and a cash payment. Accepting a voucher can legally complicate your ability to claim cash compensation later. Ask explicitly: "I would prefer cash compensation under EC 261/2004."
Document everything in real time
Photograph the departure board showing your flight status. Screenshot every text and email from the airline. Keep every receipt for meals, transport, and accommodation you pay for during the disruption. Write down the exact times of announcements. This documentation is essential if you need to make a formal claim later and the airline disputes the timeline.
Rebook yourself if the airline is slow
If you have a connecting flight to make and the airline is not rebooking you fast enough, you have the right under EC 261/2004 to rebook yourself on any available airline and claim the cost back from the original carrier. Get written confirmation from an airline representative that you are arranging your own rebooking before spending money, or get the duty manager to sign off on it.
Claim up to three years later with claim services
EU flight compensation claims can be filed up to three years after the disruption depending on which country's courts handle the case. If you did not claim at the time, you still can. Services like AirHelp, Flightright, and Resolver handle claims on your behalf for a percentage of the compensation (typically 25 to 35 percent). They are only worth using if you cannot navigate the airline's claims process yourself.
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